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Pacification of Rabaul
Rabaul is a town located in Eastern New Britain, Papua New Guinea. Japanese forces landed on Rabaul on 23 February 1942, capturing it in February of that year. The former Australian territory was transformed into a major Japanese naval and air installation. It was heavily relied on by the Japanese, and was used as a launching point for Japanese reinforcements to New Guinea and Guadalcanal. Throughout the Solomons Campaign, neutralizing Rabaul became the primary objective of the Allied effort in the Solomons.
==Background==
After its capture by the South Sea Force in January 1942. Rabaul was developed into a major fleet base by the Japanese, eventually becoming the most heavily defended Japanese position in the South Pacific.〔Gamble ,Bruce. ''Fortress Rabaul: The Battle for the Southwest Pacific, January 1942-April 1943'' pp.63-67〕 Rabaul's strategic location, multiple airfields and large natural harbor made it the ideal staging base for ships, aircraft, troops and supplies during the New Guinea and Guadalcanal campaigns. After the Japanese lost their hold on Guadalcanal in early 1943, Allied forces began the push up the Solomon Islands to Rabaul. Marine Raiders and US Army troops landed on the Russell Islands shortly after, and an airbase was established there. US forces then pushed the Japanese out of the New Georgia island group in August 1943. Here, the Japanese command had invested men and supplies into building an airfield at Munda, all of which proved to be a waste. Fifth Air Force aircraft made small attacks in October, and a major Allied raid on Rabaul took place in November. This raid destroyed 52 Japanese aircraft and five warships (most of Japan's naval warships would be withdrawn on 6 November). Then in November, US Marines landed on Bougainville, and its airfield was soon put to use by Allied forces. With the major Japanese possessions around Rabaul captured, Allied air forces could begin to neutralize Rabaul permanently. US Army troops landed on Arawe, which is located on Western New Britain, on 15 December 1943, and the 1st Marine Division landed at Cape Gloucester on 26 December. Both landings were part of the attempted isolation of the Rabaul base.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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